Generate single or double elimination brackets for 4 to 64 players or teams.
Give it a head count between 4 and 64, choose single or double elimination, and the tool draws the entire bracket at once: a round-by-round ladder of matchups with winners advancing toward one final. Counts that are not a power of 2 are rounded up to the next one, and the empty positions become automatic first-round byes. What surprises most people is the arithmetic: double elimination runs exactly twice as many matches as single (2N-2 versus N-1), and in the first round some players simply do not play.
A concrete input and expected output from the current implementation.
Input
12 players, single elimination
Expected output
16-position bracket with 4 first-round byes. Round 1: 4 matches (8 of the 12 players play; 4 advance without playing). Round 2: 4 matches. Semifinals: 2 matches. Final: 1 match. Total: 11 matches over 4 rounds.
12 is not a power of 2, so the bracket expands to 16 positions and the 4 empty ones become first-round byes. The 11 matches follow from the rule that a single-elimination field always needs exactly one fewer match than it has players.
The bracket is built to the smallest power of 2 that holds the field: 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 positions. Any count between powers of 2 leaves empty slots, which become byes in round 1 - those players advance without playing. From round 2 on the bracket is a clean ladder that halves each round until one player remains, and the match total is always N-1.
A first loss drops a player into a parallel losers bracket; a second loss eliminates them. The winners bracket runs N-1 matches and the losers bracket another N-1, so the base tournament takes 2N-2 matches - exactly double a single-elimination field. A full double-elimination format requires the undefeated champion to lose twice in the grand final, so a loser-bracket winner forces a second final and the total becomes 2N-1.
The bracket rounds up to the next power of 2 and the empty positions become first-round byes. With 11 players you get a 16-position bracket: 5 byes, so only 6 players play the 3 first-round matches, and they join the 5 bye players for an 8-player second round. The match total stays N-1, so 11 players means 10 matches.
No. The tool covers single and double elimination only, so a team's tournament ends at loss one or loss two. For more lives, switch to a round robin - every team plays every other, with standings by record - which needs N(N-1)/2 matches: 8 teams means 28 games, often too many for one day.
The example and behavioral notes were checked against the browser implementation. Standards and primary references below define the relevant format, formula, or platform behavior.
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