Calculate staking rewards and APY for proof-of-stake cryptocurrencies with compounding frequency and lockup period analysis.
Staking sites advertise a headline percentage, but the balance you end the year with depends on how often rewards compound and how long they stay locked. This calculator turns a staking rate into concrete numbers: you enter your stake, the quoted rate, a compounding frequency, and any lockup period, and it returns the final balance, total rewards, and the effective annual yield. The figure users misread most is the headline rate: it is often an APY that already assumes compounding, so typing it in and then compounding again overstates the result.
A concrete input and expected output from the current implementation.
Input
Stake 1,000 tokens at a quoted 5% annual rate, compounding daily (365 periods per year), no lockup, over 1 year.
Expected output
Ending balance 1,051.27 tokens, total rewards 51.27, effective APY 5.13%.
Each day the balance grows by 5%/365, and the next day's reward is earned on the larger balance. After 365 periods the growth factor is (1 + 0.05/365)^365, about 1.0513, so 1,000 becomes 1,051.27 - an effective yield of 5.13% rather than the nominal 5%.
The balance grows period by period: each of the n compounding periods per year applies rate/n to the current balance, and those rewards start earning their own rewards immediately. Over t years, principal P becomes P * (1 + r/n)^(n * t). Because every reward re-enters the base, more frequent compounding - daily versus monthly - raises the final balance and the effective APY.
A lockup period is treated as a span in which rewards are earned but cannot be re-staked, so they add simple growth instead of compounding until the lock ends. The calculator also reports the effective APY, (1 + r/n)^n - 1 over one year, which is what a nominal rate truly yields once compounding is included - the figure staking platforms typically quote.
Because rewards earn rewards. With daily compounding, each day's reward joins the balance that earns the next day's reward, so 5% nominal becomes about 5.13% effective over a year. With monthly compounding it is about 5.12%, and with no compounding it is exactly 5%. The gap is the compounding itself.
The one the staking platform currently quotes, and you need to know whether that figure is an APY or an annual reward rate. Exchange and wallet listings move as network inflation and validator commissions change, so check the figure the day you enter it - the calculator's output is only as current as the input.
The example and behavioral notes were checked against the browser implementation. Standards and primary references below define the relevant format, formula, or platform behavior.
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