Extract and display all footnotes and endnotes from academic PDF documents.
A PDF stores text as glyphs pinned to page coordinates; it has no footnote structure the way HTML does. This tool takes an academic PDF, finds the text that functions as footnotes and endnotes by its position and conventions - smaller type near the bottom of the page, keyed to a superscript marker in the body - and displays every note in one list. The file is processed in your browser and never uploaded, which matters for subscription articles and unpublished manuscripts. The common surprise: detection is visual, so scanned pages without an embedded text layer produce nothing.
A PDF page records where each glyph sits, but nothing says "this is a footnote". The tool reads the page's text and applies the conventions of academic typesetting: a small superscript number in the body, and a band of smaller type at the foot of the page, often set off by a short rule. It matches markers to note text and numbers the results in page order.
Endnotes are gathered the same way from a numbered notes section at the end of a chapter or document. The pairing is inferred, not read from a structure, so a note split across a page break, set in a sidebar, or keyed by a symbol such as an asterisk can end up truncated or unpaired. The viewer shows what it found in one list so the notes can be read without paging.
Detection is visual and heuristic, so notes get missed when the marker is unusual (letters, asterisks, bracketed numbers), when a note is split across a page break, or when it sits inside a table or side column. Scanned pages contribute nothing without a text layer. Open a page you know has notes and compare what the list shows for that page.
No. "Ibid." (or "ibidem") is the author's shorthand for "the same source as the previous note". The tool displays what the PDF's text layer contains; it does not resolve cross-references, so the source named in the previous note still applies. Keep the notes in order and read backward to resolve these references.
The behavioral notes were checked against the browser implementation. Standards and primary references below define the relevant format, formula, or platform behavior.
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